IRINA NICOLAEVNA TROFIMOVA, Ph.D.,

Registered Clinical Psychologist

For the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ) click here

Occupational (psychology)

1993-1995 - Ph.D., Laboratory of Differential Psychophysiology and Differential Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Science

1982-1988 - M.Sc., Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia

Non-occupational:

1970-1977 - Music School N9, Novosibisrk, Russia

2005-2006 - Physics courses 2H04 and 4B03, McMaster University, Canada

1999-2000 - Physics courses 3M03 and 4M03, McMaster University, Canada

1994-1997 - Postdoctoral training in nonlinear dynamics, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia

ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

Professional:

1997 - present - Assistant Clinical Professor (Adjunct ); Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Collective Intelligence, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada

2004 - present - Clinical Psychologist, Co-Director of Psychological Services, Toronto, Hamilton & Niagara Falls region, Ontario

2007 - present - Clinical Psychologist, Late Life Memory Clinic, Dunnville Hospital (Haldimand-Norfolk area), ON

2017 - Clinical Supervisor, Clinical & Counselling Psychology Program, Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, ON.

2017 - Clinical Psychologist, Unison Medical Clinic, Toronto, ON

2015 - 2017 - Clinical Psychologist, Mediwise Healthcare Clinic, Mississauga, ON

2008 - 2009 - Clinical Psychologist, Silver Counselling Psychology Center, Burlington, ON

2007 - 2008 - Clinical Psychologist, Matrix Rehabilitation Center, Burlington, ON

1999 - 2007 - Clinical Psychologist, Kaplan & Kaplan Psychologists, Hamilton, ON

1999 - 2000 - Part-time instructor, Brock University, the course "Cognition". St. Catherines, ON

1999 - 2000 - Invited lecturer, Toronto Mamonides College, the course "Educational Psychology", Toronto, ON

1995-1997:

Assistant Professor, Moscow State Social University

Senior Scientific Researcher, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow

Invited Lecturer, Moscow State University, Department of Psychology

Part-time Lecturer, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies

President, Russian Synergetic Society (RSS).

1993-1995:

Faculty, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics

Faculty, Sociological College, Moscow

Invited Lecturer, International University of Social-Justice Relations, Moscow

1991-1992: Senior Inspector, Russian Government, Department of The President's Assistant on Youth Affairs.

1989-1991:

Junior Scientific Researcher, Research Center of Institute on Youth, Moscow.

Invited Lecturer, Institute of Youth, Moscow.

1988-1989: Psychologist, Research Institute of Precision Measurement, Moscow.

AUTHORSHIP OF THE IDEAS AND FINDINGS:

... in differential psychology (psychology of individual differences in behaviour and their classifications)

Idea 1. The structure of adult temperament (biologically based individual differences) and therefore classification of temperament traits can be presented in line with universal architecture of mammal's behaviour, i.e. in line with stages and functional aspects of actions' construction. She offers the "Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET)" model consisting of 12 components, which reflect the regulation of behaviour in four universal aspects: 3 dynamical aspects (energetic, integration-related and orientation-related), probabilistic (known/east task vs. uncertain/complex), activity-specific (physical vs. verbal-social vs. mental) and emotional amplifier of dynamical aspects. Her model is a derivative of Luria's neuropsychological model of behavioural regulation and Rusalov's STQ model. The FET model was implemented in the Compact Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ-77, see free forms for testing here)

*Situation of:* *emergency complexity*			*Dynamical aspects of an action with a function to...* --- to orient/select --- to initiate/mobilize -- to sustain an action
*Situation of:* *emergency complexity*			*Sensitivity to reinforces:*	Speed of integration	*Endurance*
low --►	higher --►	*Probabilistic* (Mental) tuning	Sensitivity to Probabilities	Plasticity	Intellectual Endurance
	lower --►	Social-verbal	Empathy sensitivity to others	Social Tempo	Social Endurance
	lower --►	Physical-motor *Deterministic*	Sensitivity to (seek for) sensations	Physical Tempo	Physical Endurance
high --►	high --►	*Emotional* *amplifier*	Neuroticism sensitivity to novelty	Impulsivity	Satisfaction projection of success

References:

Rusalov, V.M. & Trofimova, I.N. (2007) The Structure of temperament and its measurement. PSP: Psychological Services Press, Toronto.

Trofimova, I. (2009) Exploration of the benefits of an activity-specific test of temperament. Psychological Reports, 105, 643-658. See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2010) Questioning the "general arousal" models. Open Behavioral Science and Psychology, 4, 1-8. DOI: 10.2174/1874230001004010001 http://bentham-open.com/contents/pdf/TOBSJ/TOBSJ-4-1.pdf

Trofimova, I. (2010). An investigation into differences between the structure of temperament and the structure of personality. American Journal of Psychology. 123, 4, 467-480. DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.4.0467 PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2010). An investigation of temperament in adults with comorbid depression and anxiety. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 1, 3, 190-199. DOI: 10.4236/abb.2010.13027. See PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2011). Is temperament activity-specific? Validation of the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire - Compact (STQ-77). International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 11(3), 389-400. PDF

Rusalov, V.M., Trofimova, I.N. (2011). Representation of psychological types in various models of temperament (О представленности типов психической деятельности в различных моделях темперамента). Psychological Journal, 32, 3, 74-84. PDF

Trofimova, I. (2016) The interlocking between functional aspects of activities and a neurochemical model of adult temperament. In: Arnold, M. C (Ed.) Temperaments: Individual Differences, Social and Environmental Influences and Impact on Quality of Life. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., NY. pp.77-147

Trofimova, I. & Christiansen, J. (2016) Coupling of temperament traits with mental illness in four age groups. Psychological Reports, 118, 2. DOI 10.1177/0033294116639430. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Robbins, T.W. (2016) Temperament and arousal systems: a new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 382-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2016a). Benefits of distinguishing between physical and social-verbal aspects of behaviour: an example of generalized anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 7:338. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00338 PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis, W. (2016b). A study of the coupling of FET temperament traits with Major Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1848. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01848. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2018). There is more to mental illness than just negative affect: comprehensive temperament profiles in depression and anxiety. BMC Psychiatry, 18: 125. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1695-x

Trofimova, I. (2018). Functionality vs dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, series Biology, 373 (1744). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0167.

Trofimova, I. (2019). An overlap between mental abilities and temperament traits. In: McFarland, D. (Ed.) General and specific mental abilities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p.176-225.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Contingent tunes of neurochemical ensembles in the norm and pathology: can we see the patterns? Neuropsychobiology, 80(2), 101-133, doi: 10.1159/000513688.

Kanen, J. W., Robbins, T.W. & Trofimova, I.N. (2021). Harnessing Temperament to Elucidate the Complexities of Serotonin Function. PsyArXiv. July 18. doi:10.31234/osf.io/gvmuy.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Functional constructivism approach to multilevel nature of biobehavioural diversity. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 12:641286, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641286

Trofimova, I. & Gaykalova, A. (2021). Emotionality vs. other biobehavioural traits: a look at neurochemical biomarkers for their differentiation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 781631 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781631.

Trofimova I. (2022). Transient nature of stable behavioural patterns, and how we can respect it. Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 44. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101109.

Kanen, J., Robbins, T.W., Trofimova I. (2022) Harnessing temperament to elucidate the complexities of serotonin function. Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 45. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101108.

Idea 2. Based on the experimental results, Irina suggested that there might be a "middle age - middle sex" phenomenon: sex differences in verbal tempo and physical endurance are more pronounced during youth, fading at the end of the young adulthood. We argued that sex differences in these two types of abilities might be "a matter of age", and should not be attributed to gender in general.

References:

Trofimova, I. (2013) A study of the dynamics of sex differences in adulthood. International Journal of Psychology, 48 (6), 1230-1236. DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.756981 See PDF

Idea 3. Many models of the structure of personality (such as Big Five, Big Six, Big Seven, etc) were derived on the basis of verbal descriptors of people's behaviour (lexical approach). Irina suggests that this approach is relevant to study an impact of peer perception on language but not the structure of core individual differences. Language possesses a strong sociability bias, reflective of its role in socialization, and thus has more descriptors related to affiliation and sociability than other descriptors of individual differences. Since factor analysis depends on inter-correlations between items in the lists, this bias will create a big factor of Extraversion in any language. Moreover, there is a strong negativity bias of emotionality and as, a consequence, there are more words related to negative than to positive emotions. As the result, the largest factors in lexical approach models (Extraversion and Neuroticism) as artefacts of the sociability bias of language and the negativity bias of emotionality, and cannot be used as taxonomy structure of consistent individual differences in behaviour.

References:

Trofimova, I. (2014) Observer bias: how temperament matters in semantic perception of lexical material. PLOS ONE, 9(1): e85677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085677, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0085677

Trofimova, I., Robbins, T., Sulis, W., Uher, J. (2018) Taxonomies of psychological individual differences: biological perspectives on millennia-long challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biology. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0152

Uher, J., Trofimova, I., Sulis, W., Netter, P., Pessoa, L., Posner, M., Rothbart, M., Rusalov, V., Petersen, I., Schmidt, L. Diversity in action: Exchange of perspectives and reflections on taxonomies of individual differences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biology. 373 (1744) doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0172

Trofimova, I. & Araki, M. (2022). Psychometrics vs neurochemistry: A controversy around mobility-like scales of temperament. Personality and Individual Differences, 187, 111446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111446.

Trofimova I.N., Bajaj S., Bashkatov S.A., Blair J., Brandt A, Chan R.C.K., Clemens B, Corr P. J., Cyniak-Cieciura M., Demidova L., Filippi C. A., Garipova M., Habel U., Haines N., Heym N., Hunter K., Jones N.A., Kanen J., Kirenskaya A., Kumari V., Lenzoni S., Lui S.S.Y., Mathur A., McNaughton N., Mize K.D., Mueller E. Netter P., Paul K., Plieger T., Premkumar P., Raine A., Reuter M., Robbins T.W., Samylkin, D, Storozheva Z., Sulis W.H., Sumich A., Tkachenko A.A., Valadez E., Wacker J., Wagels L., Wang L., Zawadzki B., Pickering A. (2022) What's next for the neurobiology of temperament, personality and psychopathology? Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 45. 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101143.

... in neuroscience of individual differences in behaviour:

Idea 4. There is no one-to-one correspondence between a single neurochemical system and a feature of behavioural regulation. Neurotransmitter , hormonal and opioid systems regulating temperament traits work in overlapping teams and have functional specializations reflecting the functional aspects of construction of behaviour. These systems are strongly interdependent, contingent on each other's state and have feedback relationships. For this reason our neurochemical model of temperament is called Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). Temperament traits are presented as behavioural dispositions emerging from relationships between specific neurotransmitters in a following way:

Functional aspects:

Behavior. orientation to.. (NE+...)

Integration aspects (DA+...)

Energetic aspects

(5-HT, ACh +...)

Probabilistic/ > analytic aspects

to learning probabilities, PRO

NE+ACh+Glu, DA

Plasticity, PL

DA+ACh, 5-HT, GABA

Intellectual Endurance, ERI

ACh+NE, 5-HT

Social-verbal

to others: Empathy,

EMP

NE+OXY, VSP

Social Tempo,

TMS

DA+ Estr

Social Endurance,

ERS

5-HT+Estr, H

Physical-motor

(>deterministic)

to sensations, SS

Teststrn, Adr, Cort(-), NE

Motor Tempo,

TMM

DA+GABA, A, NP

Motor Endurance

ERM,

5-HT+ORE, H, NP

Emotional amplifiers

Neuroticism, NEU

KOR, cytokins, biota

→NE-HPA

Impulsivity,

IMP

DOR→DA, MOR

Satisfaction, SLF

MOR, biota→5-HT, DA

References:

Trofimova, I. & Robbins, T.W. (2016) Temperament and arousal systems: a new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 382-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008. PDF

Trofimova, I. (2018) Functionality vs dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biology, 373, 1744, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0167.

Trofimova, I. (2019). An overlap between mental abilities and temperament traits. In: McFarland, D. (Ed.) General and specific mental abilities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 176-225.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Contingent tunes of neurochemical ensembles in the norm and pathology: can we see the patterns? Neuropsychobiology, 80(2), 101-133, doi: 10.1159/000513688.

Kanen, J. W., Robbins, T.W. & Trofimova, I.N. (2021). Harnessing Temperament to Elucidate the Complexities of Serotonin Function. PsyArXiv. July 18. doi:10.31234/osf.io/gvmuy.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Functional constructivism approach to multilevel nature of biobehavioural diversity. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 12:641286, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641286

Trofimova I. (2022). Transient nature of stable behavioural patterns, and how we can respect it. Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 44. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101109.

... in cognitive psychology (psychosemantics)

Idea 5. Irina was one of the pioneers of the theory of embodiment in cognition. Starting from her PhD study in 1993-1994 and continuing throughout two decades after that she demonstrated cognition depends on the state of the body. In psychosemantics, she showed that attribution of meaning to events and objects partially depends on the state of individual's body, and capacities to handle these events ("projection through capacities"). Her studies showed that sex and temperament (biologically based traits) have specific influence on human semantic perception.

References:

Trofimova, I.N. (1995) Interconnection between temperament characteristics and parameters of semantic spaces of humans. Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Trofimova I.N. (1997) Interconnection between characteristics of temperament and peculiarities of cognitive activity of human // Voprosi psychologii, N 1, 74-82.

Trofimova, I. (1999) Investigation of how people of different age, sex and temperament estimate the world. Psychological Reports, 85/2, 533-552. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1999.85.2.533. See PDF.

Trofimova, I. (2014) Observer bias: how temperament matters in semantic perception of lexical material. PLOS ONE, 9(1): e85677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085677, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0085677

Idea 6. Irina's experimental studies in psychosemantics showed that men have a tendency to favour mechanical and sensational concepts more than women, and women favour more fluid and routine concepts than men. She offered an evolutionary explanation to this tendency. She found that males prefer structure-oriented and mechanical concepts whereas females favoured concepts related to development and living systems processes. Irina argued that the language of math and physics, invented originally by men, has a mechanical engineering bias and therefore is not very suitable for life and social sciences.

References:

Trofimova, I. (2011) Who is in charge of Science: men view "Time" as more fixed, "Reality" as less real, and "Order" as less ordered. Cognitive Systems Research, 15-16, 50-56.Doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2011.07.001. See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2011) Are men evolutionarily wired to love the "Easy" buttons? Nature Precedings: January 19, 2011 https://www.nature.com/articles/npre.2011.5562.1; doi:10.1038/npre.2011.5562.1

Trofimova, I. (2012) Understanding misunderstanding: a study of sex differences in meaning attribution. Psychological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s00426-012-0462-8. See PDF

Idea 7. In conducting experimental studies in psychosemantics, Irina used a derivative of Osgood's Semantic Differential, adopted into her original experimental design called the Projective Semantics method.

References:

Trofimova I.N. (1997) Interconnection between characteristics of temperament and peculiarities of cognitive activity of human // Voprosi psychologii, N 1, 74-82.

Trofimova, I. (1999) Investigation of how people of different age, sex and temperament estimate the world. Psychological Reports, 85/2, 533-552. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1999.85.2.533. See PDF.

Trofimova, I. (2014) Observer bias: how temperament matters in semantic perception of lexical material. PLOS ONE, 9(1): e85677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085677,

Trofimova, I. (2012) Understanding misunderstanding: a study of sex differences in meaning attribution. Psychological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s00426-012-0462-8. See PDF

... in clinical psychology/psychiatry

Idea 8. The FET model can work as a common framework for two types classification: 1) biologically-based individual differences in healthy individuals (temperament) and 2) their extreme deviations, known as psychiatric disorders. We suggest to call the approaches unifying these two types of taxonomies as bio-behavioral (psychological and psychiatric) taxonomies. Application of the FET framework showed that symptoms of all known 20 main psychiatric diagnoses could be presented in a compact 12-components form related to functional aspects of behaviour. Such presentation can potentially fit into one page, instead of a variety of empirically-derived descriptors presently existing in the DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorders (not shown here).

Idea 9. Our clinical studies showed that the FET could differentiate between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid MDD-GAD much more efficiently than any other temperament or personality framework applied to psych-psych taxonomies. For example, MDD differs from GAD by the compromised aspects of physical capacities, and Comorbid condition affect "frontal cortical" aspects of behavioural regulation (plasticity, ability to focus, probabilistic (contextual) processing and impulsivity).

Idea 10. Our clinical studies showed that depression and anxiety have a significant impact on dynamical (speed of integration of an action) aspects of activity (tempo, plasticity and impulse control), compromising the integration of behaviour through an increase in rigidity and impulsivity.

References to ideas 8-10:

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2010). An investigation of temperament in adults with comorbid depression and anxiety.. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 1, 3, 190-199. DOI: 10.4236/abb.2010.13027 See PDF

Trofimova, I. & Christiansen, J. (2016) Coupling of temperament traits with mental illness in four age groups. Psychological Reports, 118, 2. DOI 10.1177/0033294116639430. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Robbins, T.W. (2016) Temperament and arousal systems: a new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 382-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2016a). Benefits of distinguishing between physical and social-verbal aspects of behaviour: an example of generalized anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 7:338. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00338 PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis, W. (2016b). A study of the coupling of FET temperament traits with Major Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1848. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01848. PDF

Trofimova, I. (2021). Contingent tunes of neurochemical ensembles in the norm and pathology: can we see the patterns? Neuropsychobiology, 80(2), 101-133, doi: 10.1159/000513688.

Kanen, J. W., Robbins, T.W. & Trofimova, I.N. (2021). Harnessing Temperament to Elucidate the Complexities of Serotonin Function. PsyArXiv. July 18. doi:10.31234/osf.io/gvmuy.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Functional constructivism approach to multilevel nature of biobehavioural diversity. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 12:641286, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641286

Trofimova I. (2022). Transient nature of stable behavioural patterns, and how we can respect it. Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 44. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101109.

... in mathematical psychology

Idea 11. In collaboration with Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Moscow), in mid-1990s, Irina pioneered a set of mathematical models Ensembles with Variable Structures (EVS) that were fist line of multi-dimensional spin glass models of multi-agent stochastic interactions leading to emergence of natural structures. EVS showed several effects applicable to mathematical psychology: a) phase transition with "sociability" and "compatibility" parameter's increase; 2) "small towns" effect; 3) "big cities" effect; 4) an interplay between diversity and sociability of agents.

References:

Trofimova I.N., Mitin N.A., Potapov A.B. Malinetzky G.G. (1997) Description of Ensembles with Variable Structure. New Models of Mathematical Psychology. Preprint N 34 of KIAM RAS. (in Russian).

Trofimova, I., Potapov, A., Sulis, W. (1998) Collective Effects On Individual Behaviour : Three Questions In The Search For Universality. International Journal of Chaos Theory and Applications. V.3, N.1-2. Pp.53-63.

Trofimova I. (2001) Principles, concepts and phenomena of Ensembles with Variable Structures. In: Sulis W., Trofimova I. (Eds.) Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences. IOS Press, Amsterdam. See .PDF

Idea 12. The functionality of neurotransmitters and the evolutionary reinforcement of biologically-based individual differences likely follows the systemic tendencies, which are universal for development and sustainability of natural systems. The 12 components of the FET model, as well as interaction between neurochemical systems regulating mammal's behaviour were presented in association with proposed operators of diagonal evolution.

References:

Trofimova, I. (2016) Phenomena of Functional Differentiation (FD) and Fractal Functionality (FF). International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Wessex Institute of Technology Press; UK

Trofimova I. (2017) Functional constructivism: in search of formal descriptors. Nonlinear Dynamics in Psychology, 21/4, 441-474 .PDF

... in evolutional psychology

Idea 13. The Geodakyan's Evolutionary Theory of Sex (ETS) can be applied to explain sex differences (in youth) related to verbal, empathic, spatial abilities, physical endurance, impulse control, autism, psychopathy and sensation seeking: The ETS suggested that sex reproduction occurred in evolution as a systemic division of species into two (variational and conservational) partitions of a species. The pattern of sex differences in named psychological abilities and disabilities matches the predictions of the ETS, however Irina also pointed out that such sex differences are most profound in young age and might level after the pick of reproductive period (middle age ï¿½ middle sex effect). The pattern of psychological sex differences in youth indicates that systemic, evolutional factors associated with sex dimorphism can influence psychological processes.

Idea 14. Irina used the ETS perspective to analyse sex differences in meaning attribution, which she observed in her experimental psychosemantic studies. Men indeed favoured sensational objects and criteria whereas women favoured more predictable and regulated objects and criteria.

Idea 15. Irina expanded the ETS theory by offering a concept of irrelevance/redundancy pruning. This male-prevalent behavioural tendency is associated with lower compliance, higher disobedience, behavioural explorations and yet paradoxical drive for group control. Since there are biologically based (hormonal) correlates of these sex differences, one has to ask, what systemic factors have reinforced this paradox in evolution? Why a drive for group control was reniforced in sex partition with poor abilities for a psychological "tuning" to the states of other people (i.e. in young males) whereas such drive for power is significantly less in young females, who are more often better equipped with pro-social abilities)? The concept of irrelevance/redundancy pruning explains this universal power-seeking paradox saying that weaker sensitivity of young males to established rules allows the male sex to be "in charge" of dealing with overall diversity and variation, both in the sense of expanding its boundaries and of eliminating the redundant degrees of freedom, while the female partition of a specie is "in charge" of securing, conserving the (proven to be) beneficial ways of the species's functioning..

References for ideas 13-15:

Trofimova, I. (2011) Are men evolutionarily wired to love the "Easy" buttons? Nature Precedings: January 19, 2011 https://www.nature.com/articles/npre.2011.5562.1; doi:10.1038/npre.2011.5562.1

Trofimova, I. (2013) A study of the dynamics of sex differences in adulthood. International Journal of Psychology, 48 (6), 1230-1236. DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.756981 See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2015) Do psychological sex differences reflect evolutionary bi-sexual partitioning? American Journal of Psychology, 128(4) 485-514 DOI:10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.4.0485, PMID:26721176 PDF

Idea 16. Irina introduced a concept of diagonal evolution (dievolution) that progresses on a diagonal of a vertical hierarchy and horizontal diversity of living systems. This concept was applied to psychology, to explain reinforcement of neurochemical and social systems regulating human behaviour.

References:

Trofimova, I. (2016) Phenomena of Functional Differentiation (FD) and Fractal Functionality (FF). International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Wessex Institute of Technology Press; UK

Trofimova I. (2017) Functional constructivism: in search of formal descriptors. Nonlinear Dynamics in Psychology, 21/4, 441-474 .PDF

... in complex systems theory/synergetics

Idea 17. As noted, in collaboration with Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Moscow), in mid-1990s, Irina pioneered a set of mathematical models Ensembles with Variable Structures (EVS) that were fist line of multi-dimensional spin glass models of multi-agent stochastic interactions leading to emergence of natural structures. Two of the key concepts of the EVS were "sociability" (individually-defined maximal range contacts at each time step) and "compatibility" of agents. EVS, in contrast to Kauffman and other models, were also using the parameter of agents' diversity.

Idea 18. Irina and colleagues' EVS models showed that one doesn't need to have stable components or even links between them in order to have a visible and consistent structure. To show that in mid-1990s we proposed modeling with Ensembles of Variable Structures (EVS), to observe the emergence of structures even while the connections between elements were highly stochastic and volatile.

References:

Trofimova I.N., Mitin N.A., Potapov A.B. Malinetzky G.G. (1997) Description of Ensembles with Variable Structure. New Models of Mathematical Psychology. Preprint N 34 of KIAM RAS. (in Russian).

Trofimova I. & Mitin N. (2002) Self-organization and resource exchange in EVS modeling. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 6, 4, 351-362. See .PDF

Idea 19. Irina suggested that diversity of agents within populations and their interconnectivity ("sociability") - these two formal characteristics of populations compete and suppress each other, and this competing dynamics drives the evolution of distributions.

References:

Trofimova I. (2003) Sociability, diversity and compatibility in developing systems: EVS approach. In: Nation J., Trofimova I., Rand J., Sulis W. (Eds.) Formal Descriptions of Developing Systems. Kluwer Press. Pp. 231-248. See .PDF

Idea 20. Irina searched for mathematical formalisms to describe functional diversity. One of the earlier ideas introduced formal codes for individual differences in handling "the flow of resources" between elements. She also introduced the concept of fractal functionality as a self-similarity tendency in functional differentiation between elements across various levels of complexity.

References:

Trofimova I. (1999). Functional differentiation in developmental systems. In: Bar-Yam Y. (Ed.) Unifying Themes in Complex Systems. Perseus Press. Pp.557-567.

Trofimova, I. (2016) Phenomena of Functional Differentiation (FD) and Fractal Functionality (FF). International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Wessex Institute of Technology Press; UK

Idea 21. Natural systems are transient and do not have a stable state space. This compromises applicability of traditional methods of nonlinear dynamics, and especially classical mathematics and statistics to phenomena of life sciences. As an alternative to traditional methods, Irina suggested to pay attention to the principles of functional constructivism in natural systems, and offered formalisms that can be used as new, "transient" algebra.

Idea 22. Irina introduced a concept and basic operators of diagonal evolution (dievolution). The operators are linked to functionality of elements composing complex systems. These operators act at on a diagonal of a vertical hierarchy and horizontal diversity of living systems, and these processes happen in two directions. Processes from the up-down direction of the diagonal emerge as cruise controls, or elements with the highest stability at the lower level of organization, and processes from the bottom-up direction of the diagonal emerge in the shaping of the Zone of Proximate Development of upper-level systems.

References:

Trofimova, I. (2016) Phenomena of Functional Differentiation (FD) and Fractal Functionality (FF). International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Wessex Institute of Technology Press; UK

Trofimova I. (2017) Functional constructivism: in search of formal descriptors. Nonlinear Dynamics in Psychology, 21/4, 441-474 .PDF

AFFILIATIONS

Member, Society for Neuroscience

Member, College of Psychologists of Ontario

Member, American Psychological Association

Member, Association for Psychological Science

Member, British Psychological Society

Member, Canadian Psychological Association

Member, Canadian Psychiatric Association

Member, Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and the Life Sciences.

Member, Russian Psychological Society

Member, Temperament Consortium

Honorary member, Italian Society for Chaos and Complexity

Corresponding Member, Russian National Public Academy, Department of Synergetic

PROJECTS

ACADEMIC (RESEARCH) PROJECTS and INTERESTS (1993-present):

1. Neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament.

2. Study of relations between personality disorders, mood disorders and temperament.

3. Differential psychology (temperament). Adaptation of Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ) to 18 languages and 5 age groups.

4. Modeling in psychology: application of modern mathematical methods for simulation of social processes, development of Ensembles with Variable Structures approach.

5. Cognitive psychology (psychosemantics): The study of cognitive complexity, dimensionality of semantic space and meaning attribution in people of different gender, age and temperament.

6. Application of evolutionary theories in psychology and neurosciences

7. Theory of diagonal evolution.

PSYCHOMETRIC PROJECTS:

1996-2018 - adaptation, data collection and psychometric items analysis for the Extended (150) and Compact versions of the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ). The STQ-77 exists now in 18 languages, including Child versions for the ages 0-3, 4-7, 7-11, 12-15. Development of STQ Behavioural scales for testing individuals in large and small groups.

1996-1998 - organization of an adaptation and official distribution of Raven Progressive Matrices (Scotland, UK) in Russia, including corresponding seminars for psychologists.

1996-1997 - forward-back-forward translation and adaptation of Self-Perception Scale Dr. David Watkins (Hong Kong) to Russian population in his cross-cultural study in 6 populations, with my contribution of 206 Russian subjects.

1994-1998 - development of a new diagnostic tool for assessment of meaning attribution and personal preferences using semantic differential approach

1994-1995 - participation in adaptation of the Big Five questionnaire to the Russian population, with my contribution of 200 subjects.

1993-1995 - forward-back-forward translation, items analysis, adaptation and data collection of Dr. David Buss (Michigan, USA) Status-Gender questionnaire of evolutionary strategies of sexual behaviour (cross-cultural study in 9 populations) with my contribution of 180 subjects from Russian population.

1989-1990 - forward-back-forward translation and adaptation of Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Test on Values to Russian population.

DOCUMENTARY PROJECTS (partners are invited!):

Documentary: Diplomas in Motion:

This documentary is related to the unsolved problems of psychological diversity in the system of education. For example, grading systems often give advantage to people with stronger memory, advanced verbal abilities and faster information processing, leaving behind those with an ability to reason and to solve problems using `slow` types of abilities. In addressing these problems, different countries have explored a host of methodologies drawing on their own unique experience, but so far no ideal system of education has been found that is capable of accommodating every type of ability and psychological limitation.

Progress: we have interviews from leading scientists, officials at Ministries of Education, professors, teachers and students in the following countries: Canada, USA, Russia, Serbia, Kosovo, Australia and New Zealand. We would be happy to hear from interested parties from other countries.

The main idea of the film is to hear the opinion on practices of education and evaluation of students, which substitute teaching and assessment of learning progress with psychometrics (assessment of a student`s memory, speed and fitness to the industry`s demands). We also would like to hear the opinion on how a use of universal methods of teaching and evaluation within system of education can possibly address the diversity of learning styles and abilities.

Documentary: Temperamentum:

This documentary reviews the discoveries in the theory of temperament and biologically based individual differences, from the perspective of psychology, neurophysiology, genetics, social factors such as families and education and even psychopharmacology. It analyses the findings of the broad spectrum of school in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America and Australia.

Progress: we have interviews from the scientists and museums in Warsaw (Poland), London (UK), Groningen (Netherlands), Moscow, St. Petersburg (Russia), Melburn (Australia), Toronto (Canada). Next stage is to gather interviews from American and Canadian scientists.

Documentary: Reaction, Action, Construction:

This documentary compares three major paradigms in psychology which explain `how mind works`: behaviorism, activity theory and functional constructivism, which evolved in performance psychology. The behaviorism's "stimulus-reaction" model dominates in public opinion and in numerous neural network models while in reality it is not how our psychological processes are organized and function.

CLINICAL PRACTICE:

Since 1988 she has been practicing in the areas of personality assessment, treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, conflict resolution, human resources selection and placement, family issues, grief, cognitive rehabilitation, pain management.

She has been registered with the Ontario College of Psychologists since 1999 for practicing in Ontario, and received the license for Autonomous Practice in 2004. She established a private practice "Psychological Services 4018" and treats patients in Hamilton, Toronto, Niagara Falls and Haldimand-Norfolk areas.

Her present areas of practice are (both assessment and treatment): depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, pain management, cognitive functioning after mild brain injuries, family relationships, couple therapy, personal crisis, motor-vehicle accident complications, obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific traumatic phobias, social withdrawal.

GRANTS

Research Grants:

1994-1995 -- International Science Fund (ZZ 5-451), postgraduate student participation;

1996 - Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund (96-03-04535): "Structural Analysis of Individual Differences from the Point of View of the Evolutionary-Synergetic Approach"

1997 - Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation (96-03-04535-a)-renewal

Publication Grants

1997 - Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (97-06-87018): ''Synergetics and Psychology. Texts''. Volume 1. Methodological Questions.

1999 - Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (99-06-87019): ''Synergetics and Psychology. Texts''. Volume 2. Social Processes.

2000 - NATO Science Fund, the publication of the book: Sulis, W., Trofimova, I. (Eds.) Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences. IOS Press, Amsterdam (proceedings of NATO Advanced Study Institute)

2002 - NATO Science Fund, the publication of the book: Nation, J., Trofimova, I., Rand, J., Sulis, W. (Eds.) (2002) Formal Descriptions of Developing Systems. Kluwer Press.

2003 - Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (99-06-87020), co-eduted with Arshinov, A. and Shendyapin, V.: ''Synergetics and Psychology. Texts''. Volume 3. Cognitive Processes.

Conference Grants

1996 - Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund (96-03-04535): The Conference 'Development and Assessment of the Competence', Moscow, Russia, April 1996

Travel Grants

1996 - MacArthur Foundation, USA: participation in the International Psychological Congress, Montreal, Canada.

1996 - Soros Foundation, USA, Institute for Open Society in Russia: participation in the Annual Convention of the international Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences, San-Francisco, CA, USA.

COURSE DESIGN

* Neurochemical systems of behavioural regulation

* Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum

* Personality, temperament and Individual differences

* Cognitive Psychology

* General (Introductory) psychology

* Psychology of education

* Clinical Psychology

* Intake interview and principles of psychological assessments

* Developmental psychology

* Social Psychology

* Evolutionary Psychology

* Modeling in Psychology

* Psychology of management, training and business games

PRESENTATIONS

Irina has delivered talks at international psychological conferences including:

Workshops:

· Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum (with Dr. W.Sulis). Workshop at the Annual meeting of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, Vancouver, Canada, October 3, 2015

· Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum (with Dr. W.Sulis). Workshop at the Annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, USA, August 4, 2017

· Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum (with Dr. W.Sulis). Workshop at the Occasional Temperament Conference, Murcia, Spain, May 23, 2018

· Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum (with Dr. W.Sulis). Workshop in the Department of Psychology, Marburg University, Germany. June 4, 2018

· Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum (with Dr. W.Sulis). Workshop at the International Congress of Applied Psychology, Montreal, Canada, June 25, 2018

· Molecular and bio-markers in psychological diversity: between psychological traits and psychiatric disorders (with Prof. P.Netter). World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Vancouver, Canada, June 3, 2019.

· Between Temperament and Mental Disorders: Psychobiology of Consistent Behavioral Patterns (with Dr. W.Sulis) Webinar CE course of the American Psychological Association. October 1, 2020, Online.

Invited presentations:

* Precursors of the Synergetic Approach in Psychology. International Synergetic Forum, Moscow, January 1996

* Competence from the point of view of the synergetic approach. Conference 'Development and Assessment of the Competence', Moscow, April 1996

* Stages of Development on Psyche in Evolution and Individual Differences Session of the Washington Evolutionary Systems Society, Washington, September, 1996.

* Interconnections between cognitive processes and dynamical properties of organism. Lecture in Adelphi University, New York. September 1996.

* Modeling of cognitive evolution of mind. Lecture in McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. September, 1996.

* Science and Psychology in Russia Nowadays. Session of Public Discussion of Lecturing Municipal Club, Lecco, Italy, 25 October 1996.

* Universals and specifics in psychology, lecture for the NATO Advanced Study Institute Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences, April 28, 2000.

* Diversity in natural systems and EVS modeling, lecture for the NATO Advanced Study Institute Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences, May 6, 2000.

* Sociability and development in EVS models, NATO Advanced Research Workshop Formal descriptions of developing systems, Hawaii, Honolulu, October 2-6, 2002.

* Coupling of Measurement Characteristics in Psychological Diversity. Tokyo, Japan. March 15, 2008.

* Structure and neuro-chemical systems underlying temperament traits. McMaster University, Department of Psychology. Hamilton, Canada. November 19, 2017

* Функциональный Ансамбль Темперамента: к вопросу о психологических классификациях. Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, section of psychophysiology. Moscow, Russia. February 14, 2018.

* Temperament and mental illness: across the spectrum. Marburg University, Department of Psychiatry, June 5, 2018.

* Between temperament and mental disorders: neurochemical model of joint taxonomy. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. June 14, 2018.

* Biomarkers of temperament: assessment and its development in ontogenesis. Moscow Center of Psychological Health. Moscow, Russia, August 27, 2018.

* Neurotransmitter ensemble and its correspondence to psychological and psychiatric taxonomies. Department of Psychology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland. June 18, 2018

* Classifications of consistent individual differences: from temperament to mental disorders. Workshop for a School of Young Psychologists, under the II World Congress on Mental Health, October 6, 2018.

* Biochemical model of structure of temperament and its comparison with other models. Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, Russia, March 28, 2019.

* The challenge of partitioning in biology of cognition and a need for transient numbers. Conference "Quantum Information and Probability: from Foundations to Engineering (QIP)". Vaxjo, Sweden, August 26, 2021.

* Applications of neurochemical FET framework in psychiatric taxonomies and forensic psychiatry. [Использование нейрохимической модели ФАТ при классификации психических расстройств: взгляд с позиций судебной психиатрии]. VIII Congress of psychiatry and narcology "Mental health: look to the future", Centennial celebration of the Serbsky Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia, October 6, 2021.

* Hormonal regulation of temperament traits and social emotions: FET perspective [Гормональная регуляция черт темперамента и социальных эмоций в перспективе ФAТ модели]. Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, section of psychophysiology. Moscow, Russia. October 7, 2021.

* FET perspective on neurochemical biomarkers of emotionality [ФAT- перспектива: являются ли гормональные системы нейрохимическими биомаркерами эмоциональности?] Federal Center of Mental Health. Moscow, Russia, October 11, 2021.

* Struggling with compatibility between mathematical and natural functions. Conference "Quantum Information and Probability: from Foundations to Engineering (QIP)". Vaxjo, Sweden, June 15, 2022.

* Beyond QM: the "Throw & Catch" principle in natural systems. Conference "Quantum Information and Probability: from Foundations to Engineering (QIP)". Vaxjo, Sweden, June 15, 2023.

Oral presentations:

* Fractal Functionality at the Differential Psychology. International Conference of the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences, Berkeley, CA, June 1996

* Analysis of behavioral strategies using cellular automaton models. International Psychological Congress, Montreal, August 1996.

* Collective effects in individual behavior: modeling of group dynamics Seminar on Complex Nonlinear Systems in Muenster University, Germany, October, 1996.

* The Definition of Parameters for Measurement in Psychology International Conference Chaos, Models, Fractals. 25-28 October, 1996. Pavia, Italy.

* Universality in Group Dynamics. International Conference of the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences, Milwaukee, US, 30 July - 3 August, 1997.

* Functional Differentiation in Developmental Systems. International Conference on Complex Systems, Nashua, US. September 21-26, 1997.

* Modeling of Group Interactions: Some Useful Concepts. International colloquium on complex systems and management of organizations. Toronto, Canada. April 3-5, 1998.

* Ensembles with Variable Structure (EVS) in the Modeling of Psychological Phenomena. 7^th Conference of Herbstakademie Self-organization in Psychology, Psychiatry and Social Sciences. Germany, Seeon.October 14-16, 1998.

* Modeling of Ensembles with Variable Structure (EVS), 100^th Annual Meeting of APS, March 20-26, 1999, Atlanta, Georgia.

* Principles and effects of Ensembles with Variable Structure, International Conference on Complex Systems, May 24-27, 2000 Nashua,

* Functional Differentiation Model, International Conference of the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences, Madison, WI, August 3-5, 2001.

* Diversity, Compatibility and Sociability in EVS Modeling, International Conference of the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences, August 8-10, 2003.

* Individual differences in semantic perception. Annual Convention of Canadian Psychological Association. Hamilton, June 10-12, 2003.

* Random Graphical Dynamical Systems (together with William Sulis). Annual Convention of American Mathematical Society. January 5-8, 2005.

* Structure of Temperament Questionnaire. Convention of Canadian Psychological Association. Ottawa, June 11-13, 2007.

* Cognitive Complexity, Fractals and Meaning Attribution. New England Complex System Institute, Boston, US. October 27, 2007.

* Structure of Temperament Questionnaire: across 6 cultures. Annual Convention of American Psychological Association. Chicago, May 22-25, 2008.

* Structure of Temperament Questionnaire, Compact. Occasional Temperament Conference. Sant-Rafael, California, October 19-22, 2008.

* Modern state of psychology of temperament. Annual Convention of American Psychological Association. Toronto, Canada, August 7, 2009.

* Meaning attribution of different gender and temperament groups: results from 3 samples. 15^th Herbstakademie, Embodied Cognition & Embodied Communication. Bern, Switzerland, October 7-9, 2009.

* Modern state of psychology and psychophysiology of temperament and its links to personality theory. International Congress of Applied Psychology. Australia, Melbourne, July 11-17, 2010.

* Gender and temperament differences in meaning attribution. International Congress of Applied Psychology. Australia, Melbourne, July 11-17, 2010.

* Functional differentiation and fractal functionality. Conference of New England Complex System Institute, Boston, MA, USA. June 22, 2011

* Structure of temperament and psychophysiology of temperament traits. International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, France, July 10, 2014

* Differences in semantic perception of lexical material between contrast temperament groups. International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, France, July 13, 2014

* Sex differences in semantic perception of lexical material. International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, France, July 10, 2014

* Activity-specific temperament traits related to endurance. International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, France, July 13, 2014

* Dimensionality vs. Functionality of biologically-based individual differences: neurochemical perspective. International Convention of Psychological Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, March 13, 2015.

* Age and temperament differences in mental illness: results from three studies. 23^rd European Congress of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria. March 30, 2015

* From temperament to psychiatric illness: neuropsychology of underlying systems. Workshop at the 168^th Annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Toronto, Canada, May 18, 2015

* Structure and psychophysiology of temperament. 27^th Annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, NY, USA, May 22, 2015.

* An investigation of coupling of temperament traits with Major Depression symptoms gives new insights for diagnostic criteria. Annual meeting of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, Vancouver, Canada,October 1, 2015.

* On diagonal evolution, Functional Differentiation and Fractal Functionality Complex Systems Conference. Wessex Institute of Technology, June 1-3, 2016.

* Gender, age and temperament differences in meaning attribution. International Congress of Applied Psychology. Yokohama, Japan, July 26, 2016.

* Structure of temperament and psychophysiology of temperament traits. International Congress of Applied Psychology. Yokohama, Japan, July 29, 2016.

* Structure and psychochemical systems underlying temperament traits. Occasional Temperament Conference. Seattle, Washington, October 22, 2016

* Benefits of Functional Ensemble of Temperament framework in assessing people with mental disorders. Annual meeting of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, Toronto, Canada, September 23, 2016

* Operators of diagonal evolution. Joint meetings of the American Mathematical Society and Mathematical Association of America. Atlanta, Georgia, January 4-7, 2017.

* Temperament traits related to deterministic and probabilistic aspects of behavior and their neuroanatomic correlates. International Convention of Psychological Science. Vienna, Austria. March 23-25, 2017.

* Making sense of neurochemical chaos: a psychochemical model of temperament. International Convention of Psychological Science. Vienna, Austria. March 23-25, 2017

* Integrating the findings from boundary sciences for development of the DSM/ICD classifications. 24^th European Congress of Psychiatry. Florence, Italy. April 1-4, 2017.

* Contingencies in operators of diagonal evolution. 7th International Nonlinear Science Conference, Salzburg, Austria, April 6-8, 2017.

* How to partition temperament traits and make sense of neurochemical chaos. Annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada, June 8, 2017

* Between temperament and mental disorders: assessing the continuum. Annual meeting of the Canadian Psychiatric Association, Ottawa, Canada, September 14, 2017

* Neurotransmitters` diversity and their roles in temperament traits: functional ecology approach. Annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences, Washington, November 15, 2017

* Towards a common taxonomy between temperament and mental disorders: examples of GAD, MDD and Comorbid MDD-GAD. McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction Program Rounds, April 26, 2018.

* In search of new formalisms for quantum theory: insights from life sciences. Conference "Towards Ultimate Quantum Theory", Vaxjo, Sweden, June 12, 2018.

* There is more to mental illness than negative affect: comprehensive temperament profiles in MDD and GAD. International Congress of Applied Psychology, Montreal, Canada, June 26, 2018

* Sex and temperament affect the way people attribute meaning even to most neutral concepts. International Congress of Applied Psychology, Montreal, Canada, June 27, 2018

* New formalisms for emergent phenomena and diagonal evolution. New England Conference on Complex Systems, Boston, USA, July 23, 2018.

* Formal descriptors of functional constructivism and examples of their applications. New England Conference on Complex Systems, Boston, USA, July 25, 2018.

* Functionality Versus Dimensionality in Psychological Taxonomies. American Psychological Association, San Francisco, USA, August 12, 2018

* Sex and temperament biases in meaning attribution. International Convention of Psychological Science. Paris, France, March 7, 2019.

* Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) model of consistent behavioural patterns. International Convention of Psychological Science. Paris, France, March 8, 2019.

* Aggression vs. Aggression: a variety of disbalances. World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Vancouver, Canada, June 5, 2019. Neurochemical model of biologically based traits (temperament). European Congress of Psychology, Moscow, July 3, 2019.

* Sex and Temperament Biases in Meaning Attribution. European Congress of Psychology, Moscow, July 5, 2019.

* Towards a taxonomy of neurochemically-based individual differences in giftedness. European Congress of Psychology, Moscow, July 5, 2019.

* Polymathy and the Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET); insights from temperament and neurochemistry research. Creativity Conference. Oregon, USA. July 13, 2019.

* Contingent tunes of neurochemical ensembles in the norm and pathology: can we see the patterns? New England Conference on Complex Systems, Boston, USA (online) July 27, 2020.

* Understanding of misunderstanding between Alice to Bob: universal biases in meaning attribution. New England Conference on Complex Systems, Boston, USA (online), July 28, 2020.

* Sex and Temperament-related Biases in Meaning Attribution. International Congress of Psychology. Prague (online), July 20, 2021

* Neurochemical model of biologically based traits (temperament). International Congress of Psychology. Prague (online), France, July 23, 2021

* Sorting out the “soups” for bio-behavioural taxonomies of temperament and psychopathology. International Convention of Psychological Science. Brussels, Belgium, March 9, 2023

* Between temperament, personality disorders and other psychopathology: the discriminative power of a neurochemistry-based framework. International Convention of Psychological Science. Brussels, Belgium, March 10, 2023

E-posters and posters:

* Benefits of the Functional Ensemble of Temperament framework in assessment of mental disorders: examples. 24^th European Congress of Psychiatry. Florence, Italy. April 1-4, 2017.

* Formalisms for implicate-explicate: comparing notes between psychophysiology and quantum mechanics. David Bohm Centennial symposium on Emergent Quantum Mechanics. London, UK, October 22, 2017.

* The oldest mystery in psychology: overlaps in theories related to most consistent (temperament) traits. Annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences, November 11, 2017

* The long historic road to consensus on biomarkers for "psych-psych" taxonomies: convergence of multi-disciplinary insights. Annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences, October 19, 2019

* Project “Hippocrates”: international cooperation is needed for the analysis of enviro-neurochemical factors. International Convention of Psychological Science. Brussels, Belgium, March 10, 2023

* Psychological sex differences and evolutionary role of sex dimorphism. International Convention of Psychological Science. Brussels, Belgium, March 10, 2023

PUBLICATIONS

Books

In English:

Sulis W., Trofimova I. (Eds.) (2001) Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences. IOS Press, Amsterdam. (in English). ISSN 1387-6686; ISBN-10 1586030205; ISBN-13 9781586030209

Nation, J., Trofimova, I., Rand, J., Sulis, W. (Eds.) (2003) Formal Descriptions of Developing Systems. Kluwer & Springer Science-Business Media, B.V. ISBN 1-4020-1567-4 (HB); ISBN 1-4020-1568-2 ( PB ), DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-006-42.

Rusalov, V.M. & Trofimova, I.N. (2007) The Structure of temperament and its measurement. PSP: Psychological Services Press, Toronto. ISBN-13 978-0-9783983-0-9

In Russian:

Belopolsky V.I., Trofimova I.N. (eds.) (1996). Development and assessment of competence. Moscow. Institute of Psychology RAS.

Trofimova I.N., Budanov V.G. (eds.) (1997). Synergetics and Psychology. Texts. Vol. 1. Methodological questions. Moscow. MSSU.

Trofimova I.N., Mitin N.A., Potapov A.B. Malinetzky G.G. (1997) Description of Ensembles with Variable Structure. New Models of Mathematical Psychology. Preprint N 34 of KIAM RAS. (in Russian).

Trofimova I.N. (Ed.) (2000). Synergetics and Psychology. Texts. Vol. 2. Social Processes. Moscow. Yanus Press.

Arshinov V., Shendyapin V., Trofimova I. (Eds.) (2003). Synergetics and Psychology. Texts. Vol. 3. Cognitive Processes. Moscow. Cogito Press. .

Articles in English (refereed only) and book chapters

Trofimova, I., Potapov, A., Sulis, W. (1998) Collective Effects On Individual Behaviour : International Journal of Chaos Theory and Applications, 3/1-2, 53-63.

Trofimova I. & Potapov A.B. (1998). The definition of parameters for measurement in psychology. In: F.M. Guindani & G. Salvadori (Eds.) Chaos, Models, Fractals, 472-478.Italian University Press. Pavia, Italy.

Trofimova I. (1999). Functional differentiation in developmental systems. In: Bar-Yam Y. (Ed.) Unifying Themes in Complex Systems. Perseus Press. Pp.557-567.

Trofimova I. (1999) Modeling of the environmental contribution to the genesis of psychiatric illness. Papers of the International Internet Psychiatric Congress.

Trofimova I. (1999). Investigation of how people of different age, sex and temperament estimate the world. Psychological Reports. N 85/2, pp.533-552. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1999.85.2.533. See PDF

Watkins D., Mortazavi S. & Trofimova I. (2000). Independent and interdependent conceptions of self: an investigation of age, gender and culture differences in importance and satisfaction ratings. Cross Cultural Research. Vol. 34, N2, pp.113-134. See PDF

Trofimova I. (2001a) Universals and specifics in psychology. In: Sulis W., Trofimova I. (Eds.) Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 286-307 See .PDF

Trofimova I. (2001b) Principles, concepts and phenomena of Ensembles with Variable Structures. In: Sulis W., Trofimova I. (Eds.) Nonlinear Dynamics in Life and Social Sciences. IOS Press, Amsterdam. Pp. 217-231 See .PDF

Trofimova I. & Mitin N. (2002) Self-organization and resource exchange in EVS modeling. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 6(4), 351-362. See .PDF

Trofimova, I. (2009) Exploration of the benefits of an activity-specific test of temperament. Psychological Reports, 105, 643-658. See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2010a). Exploration of the activity-specific model of temperament in four cultures. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy. 10, 1, 79-95.See PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis W. (2010). An investigation of temperament in adults with comorbid depression and anxiety.. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 1, 3, 190-199. DOI: 10.4236/abb.2010.13027. See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2011) Are men evolutionarily wired to love the "Easy" buttons? Nature Precedings: January 19, 2011 https://www.nature.com/articles/npre.2011.5562.1; doi:10.1038/npre.2011.5562.1.

Trofimova, I. (2012a) Who is in charge of Science: men view "Time" as more fixed, "Reality" as less real, and "Order" as less ordered. Cognitive Systems Research, 15-16, 50-56. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2011.07.001. See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2012b) Understanding misunderstanding: a study of sex differences in meaning attribution. Psychological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s00426-012-0462-8. See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2013) A study of the dynamics of sex differences in adulthood. International Journal of Psychology, 48 (6), 1230-1236. DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.756981 See PDF

Trofimova, I. (2014) Observer bias: how temperament matters in semantic perception of lexical material. PLoS ONE, 9(1): e85677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085677, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0085677

Trofimova, I. (2015) Do psychological sex differences reflect evolutionary bi-sexual partitioning? American Journal of Psychology, 128(4) 485-514 DOI:10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.4.0485, PMID:26721176 PDF

Trofimova, I. (2016) Phenomena of Functional Differentiation (FD) and Fractal Functionality (FF). International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, Wessex Institute of Technology Press; UK

Trofimova, I. & Christiansen, J. (2016) Coupling of temperament traits with mental illness in four age groups. Psychological Reports, 118, 2. DOI 10.1177/0033294116639430. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Robbins, T.W. (2016) Temperament and arousal systems: a new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 64, 382-402. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Sulis, W. (2016b). A study of the coupling of FET temperament traits with Major Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 1848. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01848. PDF

Trofimova I. (2017) Functional constructivism: in search of formal descriptors. Nonlinear Dynamics in Psychology and Life Sciences, 21/4:441-474 .PDF

Trofimova, I. (2018) Functionality vs dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biology, 373, 1744, doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0167

Buss, D. M., Durkee, P. K., Shackelford, T. K., Bowdle, B. F., Schmitt, D. P., Brase, G. L., Choe, J. C., & Trofimova, I. (2020). Human status criteria: Sex differences and similarities across 14 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000206

Rezaei, S., Bakhshani, N.M., Fanaei, H., & Trofimova, I. (2020). Opium effect in pregnancy on the dynamics of maternal behaviour: testing a neurochemical model. Neuropsychobiology. 80(2), 147-157. doi: 10.1159/000512698 PDF

Trofimova, I. & Netter, P. (2021). In search of biomarkers for bio-behavioural and psychiatric taxonomies. Neuropsychobiology, 80(2), 79-83, doi: 10.1159/000514409

Araki, M.E. & Trofimova, I.N. (2021) Validation of the Portuguese version of the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ-77Pt) based on a Brazilian sample. Natural Systems of Mind, 1, 1-12. doi: 10.38098/nsom_2021_01_03_04

Trofimova, I. (2021). Contingent tunes of neurochemical ensembles in the norm and pathology: can we see the patterns? Neuropsychobiology, 80(2), 101-133, doi: 10.1159/000513688. PDF

Trofimova, I. (2021). Differential Psychophysiology. In: Alexandrov, Yu.O. (Ed.) Psychophysiology. Textbook. Piter: Sanct-Petersburg.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Neurochemical systems of temperament traits: the FET model. In: Hashimoto, Y. & Shibasaki, M. (Eds). Introduction to neuropsychology. University of Nagasaki Press: Japan.

Kanen, J. W., Robbins, T.W. & Trofimova, I.N. ( 2021). Harnessing Temperament to Elucidate the Complexities of Serotonin Function. PsyArXiv. July 18. doi:10.31234/osf.io/gvmuy.

Trofimova, I. (2021). Functional constructivism approach to multilevel nature of biobehavioural diversity. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 12:641286, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641286

Trofimova I. (2022). Transient nature of stable behavioural patterns, and how we can respect it. Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 44. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101109. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Pickering, A. Neurobiology of temperament, personality and psychopathology: what's next? Current Opinions in Behavioural Sciences, 44. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101112.

Trofimova, I. (2022). Anticipatory attractors, functional neurochemistry and "Throw & Catch" mechanisms as illustrations of constructivism. Reviews in the Neurosciences, doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0120. PDF

Trofimova, I. & Araki, M. E. (2023) The importance of activity-specific differentiation between orientation-related temperament traits. Current psychology. (In press)

Araki, M. & Trofimova, I. (2023) Temperamental and personality profiles of polymathy and divergence of polymathy components. Submitted to The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.

Articles and book chapters in Russian, selected

Трофимова И.Н. Эволюционная детерминация индивидуальных различий // Индивидуальность в современном мире. Смоленск. 1994. С.76-81.

Трофимова И.Н. Параметры стратегий поведения и стилевые характеристики // Стиль человека: структура и функции. Под ред.А.В.Либина. М.: Смысл, 1994.

Трофимова И.Н. Техника безопасности на советском рынке (психология предпринимательства) //Российский бизнес. N 1 - 1992.

Трофимова И.Н. Биржа работников или биржа работодателей? Деловой мир. Февраль. N 39. 1992.

Трофимова И.Н. Стратегии поведения как устойчивые характеристики индивидуальнсти // Природа психического. Пермь. 1994.

Трофимова И.Н. Коррупция: сокрушить или обуздать? Деловой Мир. 6 марта, 1993. P.11.

Trofimova I.N. La рsychoanalyse sur le point de view de l'approche du sisteme-evolutionnaire // Savoir c'est pouvoir. Paris. N 11, 1994.

Афанасьев Э.В., Н.Калхоун, И.Н.Трофимова. Христианская этика и православные христиане в деловой жизни России //Вопросы экономики, N 8 - 1993.

Трофимова И.Н. Прогнозирование поведения человека как задача экспертной психодиагностической системы // Вопросы психологии, N 3, 1994. С.115-121.

Трофимова И.Н. Универсальные принципы эволюции как основа анализа человеческой природы //Философские исследования, N 3 1995. С.5-23.

Трофимова И.Н. Взаимосвязь темпераментальных характеристик с особенностями семантического пространства человека // Вопросы психологии, N 4 - 1995.

Трофимова И. Нация: психология и политика //"Россия: стабильность и политический риск", N2 1995

Трофимова И.Н. Индивидуальные различия с точки зрения эволюционного подхода // Вопросы психологии, N 1 1996.

Трофимова И.Н. Синергетические аспекты психологии. Психологический журнал. N 3. 1996.

Трофимова И.Н. Философия волшебной палочки: хаос, на котором держится мир. Независимая газета, 16.04.1996. С.6

Трофимова И.Н., Митин Н.A., Потапов A.Б., Малинецкий Г.Г. (1997) Описание ансамблей с переменной структурой связей. Новые модели математическое психологии. Препринт N 34. Институт Прикладной Математики им. Келдыша, РАН.

Белопольский В.И., Трофимова И.Н.. Джон Равен в России. Журнал практического психолога. N.2, 1996, С.108-109.

Трофимова И.Н. Национальный характер в процессах самоорганизации / Устойчивое развитие в изменяющемся мире. Тезисы Московского Синергетического Форума. М. 1996. 118 С. С.103-104.

Трофимова И.Н. (1996). Компетентность с точки зрения синергетического подхода. // Развитие и оценка компетентности. Москва, Институт Психологии РАН с.54-56.

Трофимова И.Н. (1997) Предпосылки синергетического подхода в психологии // Синергетика и Психология. Тексты, том 1. Методологические вопросы. Москва, Издательство Московского Государственного Социального Университета.

Трофимова И.Н. (1997) Индивидуальные различия: в поиске универсальных харатеристик// Басин M.A., Харитонов С.В. (Ред.) Синергетика и Психология. Санкт-Петербург.

Трофимова И.Н. (2000) Моделирование социального поведения //Трофимова И. Синергетика и Психология. Тексты, том 2. Социальные процессы. Москва, Янус Пресс. с. 133-142.

Трофимова И.Н. (2003) Синергия динамики тела и восприятия мира // Синергетика и Психология. Тексты, том 3. Когнитивные процессы. Под ред. Аршинова В., Шендяпина В., Трофимовой И. Москва, КогитоПресс, с. 61-81

Русалов, В.M., Трофимова И.Н. (2011). О представленности типов психической деятельности в различных моделях темперамента. Психологический журнал, 32, 3, 74-84. See PDF

Жукова Н.В., Виноградова Е.П., Трофимова И.Н., Макеев М.К. (2020). Геномика + психология: перспективы психодиагностики и судебной психолого-психиатрической экспертизы // Коченовские чтения «Психология и право в современной России». Сборник тезисов участников Всероссийской конференции по юридической психологии с международным участием. М.: МГППУ. 274 с

Трофимова И.Н. (2021). Дифференциальная психофизиология. Глава 17. // Александров Ю.И. (Ред.) Психофизиология. Учебник для вузов. Питер: Санкт-Петербург. Стр 383-404.

Жукова Н.В., Айсмонтас Б.Б., Трофимова И.Н., Макеев М.К. Индивидуально-психологические особенности структуры темперамента и проблемное использование интернета у старших подростков // Подросток в мегаполисе: дистанционное взросление: сб. трудов XIV Междунар. научно-практич. конф. (6–8 апреля 2021 года, Москва) [Электронный ресурс] / сост. А.А. Бочавер, М.Я. Кац; отв. ред. А.А. Бочавер; Нац. исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики», Ин-т образования. — Электрон. текст. дан. (объем 12,3 Мб). — М.: Нац. исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики», 2021. - С. 55-60.

SUPERVISION OF STUDENTS

1996-1997 - graduate thesis supervision, Denis Koslov, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

1998-1999 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Doreen Au, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2002 - 2003 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Kristine Espiritu, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2002 - 2003 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Chandrima Bandyopadhyay, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2002 - 2003 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Samira Patel, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2005-2006 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Vanita Marques, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2005-2006 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Ambreen Tahir, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2006-2007 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Wen-Wen Iris, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2007-2008 - undergraduate reading course, Wen Hou (Niko), McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2007-2008 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Jennifer Bossio, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2008-2009 - undergraduate independent study course, Russel Lu, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2010-2011 - undergraduate independent study course, Surab Khogiani, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2011-2012 - undergraduate independent study course, Polly Cheng, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2012-2013 - undergraduate thesis supervision, Torianne Ipema, McMaster University, Department of Psychology

2018-2019 - undergraduate independent study course HTH SCI 3H03, Pei Rui Ren, McMaster University, Department of Psychology

2019-2020 - undergraduate independent study course PNB 4Q03, Jennifer Reed, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2020-2021 - undergraduate independent study course PNB 4Q03, Anastasia Gaykalova, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2021-2022 - undergraduate independent study course PNB 3Q03, Miranda Wu, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

2022-2023 - undergraduate independent study course PNB 3Q03, Alaney Marinucci, McMaster University, Department of Psychology.

You-tube videos on the FET model

Presentation of the FET model at the Karolinska Institute, Sweden (in English)

Presentation of the FET model at the World Congress of Mental Health (in Russian)

Neuroscience of Polymathy: Interview with Irina Trofimova at the Annual Creativity Conference 2019